Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta Coreia do Norte. Mostrar todas as mensagens
Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta Coreia do Norte. Mostrar todas as mensagens

sábado, setembro 02, 2017

É a China, estúpido!

Clique para ampliar. In Nikkei Asian Review

Renminbi convertível em ouro desafia fake money de Wall Street. Um novo Tratado de Tordesilhas nunca esteve tão perto, pois uma guerra nuclear global é impensável.


“China is expected shortly to launch a crude oil futures contract priced in yuan and convertible into gold in what analysts say could be a game-changer for the industry.” Nikkei Asian News

A Coreia do Norte não é o maior problema da América. A China é. Na realidade, aquilo a que temos assistido é à transformação da Coreia do Norte numa espécie de Israel à moda de Pequim. Senão vejamos.

O que tem sido, de facto, o estado de Israel desde que foi criado pelos ingleses, sob o comando e inteligência de Lord Balfour e do Barão Edmond de Rothschild? Pois bem, um seguro de vida para as comunidades judaicas, sobretudo Asquenazis (oriundas na sua maioria da Europa Central e Oriental), e um bastião militar da estratégia petrolífera inglesa, e depois, anglo-americana. Basta ler a famosa Balfour Declaration (1917), ou a nota de Lord Rothschild que a precedeu para termos um quadro analítico que dispensa toda a verborreia ideológica. O petróleo foi a energia fundamental da Segunda Revolução Industrial. E quem controlou as principais regiões petrolíferas do planeta dominou o mundo até hoje.

Acontece, porém, que a taxa de crescimento demográfico mundial atingiu o seu pico em meados da década de sessenta do século passado, e o pico do petróleo americano ocorreu no início da década de 1970. Ou seja, os anos dourados do Sonho Americano tinham passado, e a partir daquele momento a hegemonia americana no mundo, conseguida como troféu da sua participação na Segunda Guerra Mundial, começaria a esmorecer. O dólar passou a estar sob pressão, pois a América estava cada vez mais dependente das importações de petróleo do Médio Oriente, do Golfo do México, da Venezuela e de África.

Esta dependência significava trocar petróleo por dólares convertíveis em ouro. Ou seja, a existência da moeda americana como moeda de reserva mundial pressupunha a estabilidade do seu valor real, e não apenas fiduciário, ou seja, implicava a sua convertibilidade no único mineral capaz de garantir a fé no dólar: o ouro.

Esta convertibilidade (1 onça de ouro = 35 USD) foi entretanto destruída por um império condenado a desvalorizar paulatinamente a sua moeda, tal como o Império Romano fez durante a sua longa decadência e colapso.

Nixon, face ao crescente excesso de dólares no mercado (e a correspondente procura de ouro como garantia anti-inflacionista), face à estagflação que se seguiu à criação da OPEP (1960), e face à Guerra dos Seis Dias (1967), viria a declarar sem efeito os Acordos de Bretton Woods, pondo deste modo fim à convertibilidade do dólar.

A Guerra do Yom Kippur (1973), protagonizada pela parceria entre Israel e a aliança anglo-americana, levaria a OPEC a concertar o famoso embargo, e a provocar uma subida do preço do petróleo sem precedentes (de 3 para 12 dólares). Desde então, a hegemonia americana não parou de perder influência, e a bolha fiduciária especulativa alimentada em Wall Street e na City londrina não parou de crescer até hoje.

A Alemanha tentou escapar a esta corrida para o precipício estabelecendo uma agenda económica e diplomática própria. Por sua vez, a implosão da União Soviética e a reunificação da Alemanha forçou a França a negociar com Bona a criação efetiva da União Europeia, um sonho alimentado desde 1952 (Comunidade Europeia do Carvão e do Aço), mas sempre adiado por pressão dos americanos e dos ingleses. O Brexit foi provavelmente a última e desesperada tentativa por parte da coroa britânica e financeiros londrinos de manter um paradigma de domínico há muito insustentável.

Entretanto, a China cresceu!

Mas para crescer, sobretudo depois de também ter chegado o pico das suas reservas petrolíferas, que começaram a ser extraídas por volta de 1959-60, em Daqing, a China viria a tornar-se no terceiro maior importador de crude do planeta, depois da União Europeia e dos Estados Unidos (há quem afirme que já é o primeiro). Ou seja, a disputa estratégica global pelo ouro negro tem três grandes atores, todos eles com demografias de peso e capacidade militar de sobra para destruir o planeta.

Acontece que os americanos, ainda que por razões compreensíveis (ninguém gosta de deixar de ser império), continuam a ignorar a realidade, ao mesmo tempo que se endividam cada vez mais, assistem ao declínio imparável do dólar, e começam a perder o controlo da sua própria estabilidade económica, social, política e cultural.

Chegou, pois, o momento de deixar de depender da moeda americana, e sobretudo de permitir que esta exerça chantagem sobre os países que quer controlar, ou impedir de crescer, recorrendo sistematicamente à prepotência das sanções económicas e financeiras, só possíveis de duas formas: pela manipulação do acesso e uso do dólar, ou pelo uso da força militar.

É neste ponto que importa perceber o real significado da escalada nuclear na Coreia do Norte, na sequência, aliás, de inúmeros incidentes entre americanos e chineses em torno da territorialidade dos Mares de China.

Quer queiramos quer não, o supremo líder da Coreia do Norte, Kim Jong-un, transformou o seu país numa potência nuclear. Ou seja, num país inatacável, ao contrário, por exemplo, da Síria, do Irão, ou da própria Turquia. As consequências são óbvias: se os Estados Unidos forem, como tudo indica, incapazes de impedir o nascimento de mais um país dotado de mísseis balísticos intercontinentais, então é só uma questão de tempo para que a Turquia e o Irão atinjam desideratos semelhantes.

Neste jogo de xadrez, a China levou a melhor, e usou Pyongyang da mesma forma que Washington usou Telavive ou, como alguns preferem, como Telavive tem usado Washington.

Aqui chegados, os Estados Unidos não terão outra opção que não seja negociar uma espécie de novo Tratado de Tordesilhas com Pequim. Desta vez, os meridianos não serão geográficos, mas monetários. Haverá duas moedas. Resta saber se o dólar e o yuan, se o yuan e o euro. Tudo dependerá de quem ganhar a batalha africana.


REFERÊNCIAS

Nota de Lord Rothschild ao então MNE britânico Arthur Balfour

Baron Edmond de Rothschild & Palestine 
Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934) was the youngest son of James and Betty de Rothschild. He bore the Hebrew name Benjamin. He was born in Paris on 19 August 1845. Edmond joined the Paris Banking House in 1868 becoming a director of the Est railway company and other family concerns, and devoting himslef to art, culture and philanthropic interests.  In 1877, he married Adelheid (1853-1935), the daughter of Wilhelm Carl Rothschild (1828-1901). 
He made journeys to Bukharu to examine the potential of the oilfields of the area. In 1895, he visited Palestine for the first time, and his most outstanding achievements were involved in responding to the threats facing the Jewish people in Europe in the late 19th century by supporting massive land purchases and underwriting Jewish settlements in Palestine and Israel. 
Until his death, 'The Benefactor', as he was known provided support for Jewish colonists, overseeing dozens of new colonies. Rishon le Zion (the First in Zion) was followed by others bearing the names of his parents. In 1923 PICA (the Palestine Jewish Colonisation Association) was formed to oversee his affairs in Palestine. When Edmond died in Paris in 1934, he left a legacy which included the reclamation of nearly 500,000 dunams of land and almost 30 settlements. In 1954 his remains and those of Adelheid were brought to Ramat Hanadiv in Zikhron Ya'akov. 
— in Rothschild Archive

China prepara alternativa ao Banco Mundial

China sees new world order with oil benchmark backed by gold 
Yuan-denominated contract will let exporters circumvent US dollar
DENPASAR, Indonesia -- China is expected shortly to launch a crude oil futures contract priced in yuan and convertible into gold in what analysts say could be a game-changer for the industry. 
The contract could become the most important Asia-based crude oil benchmark, given that China is the world's biggest oil importer. Crude oil is usually priced in relation to Brent or West Texas Intermediate futures, both denominated in U.S. dollars. 
China's move will allow exporters such as Russia and Iran to circumvent U.S. sanctions by trading in yuan. To further entice trade, China says the yuan will be fully convertible into gold on exchanges in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 
"The rules of the global oil game may begin to change enormously," said Luke Gromen, founder of U.S.-based macroeconomic research company FFTT. 
(...)
China has long wanted to reduce the dominance of the U.S. dollar in the commodities markets. Yuan-denominated gold futures have been traded on the Shanghai Gold Exchange since April 2016, and the exchange is planning to launch the product in Budapest later this year.

(...)
Saudi Arabia, a U.S. ally, is a case in point. China proposed pricing oil in yuan to Saudi Arabia in late July, according to Chinese media. It is unclear if Saudi Arabia will yield to its biggest customer, but Beijing has been reducing Saudi Arabia's share of its total imports, which fell from 25% in 2008 to 15% in 2016. 
Chinese oil imports rose 13.8% year-on-year during the first half of 2017, but supplies from Saudi Arabia inched up just 1% year-on-year. Over the same timeframe, Russian oil shipments jumped 11%, making Russia China's top supplier. Angola, which made the yuan its second legal currency in 2015, leapfrogged Saudi Arabia into second spot with an increase of 22% in oil exports to China in the same period.
—in  Nikkei Asian Review, September 1, 2017 8:56 pm JST


Atualizado em 13/9/2017, 00:56, WET

quarta-feira, abril 12, 2017

O fractal de Tordesilhas

Coreia do Norte, a próxima guerra,
Mapa: NTI

Será que Trump se prepara para entregar a Coreia do Norte a Pequim?


One way or another, China and the United States will become partners.
Immanuel Wallerstein. Commentary No. 441, January 15, 2017—"China and the United States: Partners?"

Parece que o jantar entre Trump e Xi Jinping inaugurou um novo Tratado de Tordesilhas. Só que desta vez não há meridiano, mas um fractal. Pequim percebeu que terá muito rapidamente que tratar da Coreia do Norte, enquanto Washington negoceia com russos e iranianos a irradiação de Bashar al-Assad, em troco de uma partilha equilibrada dos recursos petrolíferos da região entre o Ocidente e o Oriente.

Os Estados Unidos sabem que a China tem pés de barro, pois as suas reservas energéticas já ultrapassaram o limiar de segurança, e a poluição química do país é uma desgraça. Sabem, portanto, que a expansão imperial da China —ao contrário do que pensa Immanuel Wallerstein— tem os dias contados, seja por causas de ordem geo-energética internas, ou de outra ordem: demográfica, tecnológica, militar, política e cultural. Assim sendo, os Estados Unidos de Donald Trump, depois da intervenção tipicamente imperial na Síria (aguardam-se novos capítulos...), passará muito provavelmente à ação na Coreia do Norte quando o facínora que domina o país menos esperar.

Em ambos os casos, os Estados Unidos farão concessões —embora regionalmente circunscritas— à Rússia e à China.

Publicações do controladas pelo PCC deram recentemente fé da sua enorme preocupação com a inesperada mas resoluta ação do novo presidente americano. A avaliar por dois editoriais sobre o assunto (um dos quais—mais explícito— viria a ser apagado), onde se fazem sérios avisos à Coreia do Norte sobre o perigo iminente que paira sobre o seu líder e o seu regime, a China prevê invadir a Coreia do Norte se e assim que Trump decapite o regime coreano do seu supremo líder, Kim Jong-un.

Vale, pois, a pena ler na íntegra os dois editoriais aludidos, ainda que um deles seja uma recuperação do original retirado da publicação onde apareceu originalmente: o Global Times.

Commentary: China’s bottom line on DPRK nuclear issue
Source
China Military
Editor
Huang Panyue
Time
2017-04-07
[cache
BEIJING, April 7 (ChinaMil) -- Global Times mentioned the bottom line of China on DPRK nuclear issue in an article titled Commentary: The United States Must Not Choose a Wrong Direction to Break the DPRK Nuclear Deadlock on Wednesday, triggering wide speculation. 
According to the article, China very much hopes that the DPRK nuclear issue can be solved as soon as possible. But no matter what happens, China has a bottom line that it will protect at all costs, that is, the security and stability of northeast China. 
In connection with this, DPRK's nuclear activities must not cause any pollution to northeast China. In addition, the DPRK must not fall into the turmoil to send a large number of refugees, China will not allow the existence of a government that is hostile against China on the other side of the Yalu River, and the US military must not push forward its military forces to the Yalu River, the article said. 
Some experts interpret this as China’s acquiescence to the United States’ strikes to the DPRK. Is this really the case? 
First, “DPRK's nuclear activities must not cause any pollution to northeast China.” 
Is this sentence designed for the United States? Maybe, but it is designed for the DPRK more. We all know that the DPRK's sixth nuclear test is imminent, and various parties, especially China, are generally worried about this. 
It is very insidious for the DPRK to select Punggye-ri, located in Kilju County of North Hamgyong Province in DPRK, as the site for the nuclear test. The place is the farthest point from Pyongyang within the DPRK territory, but near the border of China and DPRK. 
Residents in northeast China suffered every time DPRK launched a nuclear test. The news may remain fresh to us: buildings showed cracks, and students in classes were evacuated to the playgrounds. 
With the increase in nuclear equivalents, the threat to the Chinese people nearby also surges. In particular, if by any chance nuclear leakage or pollution incidents happen, the damage to northeast China environment will be catastrophic and irreversible. 
This is the bottom line of China, which means China will never allow such situation to happen. If the bottom line is touched, China will employ all means available including the military means to strike back. 
By that time, it is not an issue of discussion whether China acquiesces in the US’ blows, but the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) will launch attacks to DPRK nuclear facilities on its own. 
A strike to nuclear facilities of the DPRK is the best military means in the opinion of the outside world. 
Firstly, the locations of DPRK nuclear facilities are fixed and known to the outside. 
Secondly, once the attack is launched, the DPRK’s nuclear weapons process will be permanently suspended. It has limited resources of nuclear materials and is strictly blockaded in the outside world, erasing the possibility for DPRK to get the materials again. 
Thirdly, nuclear weapons is DPRK’s trump card for its defiance of China and the United States. Once this card is lost, it will become obedient immediately. 
Finally, if DPRK's nuclear facilities are destroyed, they will not even fight back, but probably block the news to fool its domestic people. The DPRK will freak out if its nuclear facilities are destroyed. 
Second, “the DPRK must not fall into the turmoil to send a large number of refugees, it is not allowed to have a government that is hostile against China on the other side of the Yalu River, and the US military must not push forward its forces to the Yalu River.” 
This sentence is meant for the United States, because the premise of it is that the US military has launched attacks to the DPRK. We can understand it from two aspects. 
First, the 16th Group Army and the 39th Group Army of the Chinese PLA are both responsible for armed isolation of DPRK refugees. There is more than one such armed isolation zone which will not be laid exactly along the Sino-DPRK border, nor in China, but a few dozen kilometers from the border in the territory of DPRK. 
Second, the statement of “the US military must not push forward its forces to the Yalu River”, and that the US's ally Republic of Korea (ROK) must not push forward troops to the Yalu River as well is actually understood by the United States and ROK militaries that their troops will not encroach on the Yalu River. 
During the Korean War in the 1950s, the United States-led united army troops from multiple countries announced that the united troops would not advance the battlefront to the Yalu River, but would stop at 40 miles (64 kilometers) south of the Sino-DPRK border. They called this line MacArthur Line back then. 
The Global Times editorial also mentioned "it is not allowed to have a government that is hostile against China on the other side of the Yalu River." What does that mean? 
This is implying that once the US and ROK initiate the strikes, the Chinese PLA will send out troops for sure to lay the foundation for a favorable post-war situation. 
From this perspective, the Chinese PLA’s forward operations beyond Pyongyang, capital of DPRK, are for sure. 
China will not allow the situation in which areas north of the 38th Parallel are unified by the US and ROK. 
Now who do you think this editorial by Global Times is deterring? 
Disclaimer: The information, ideas or opinions appearing in this article are those of the author named Jin Hao from the Global Time and do not reflect the views of eng.chinamil.com.cn. Chinamil.com.cn does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same. If the article carries photographs or images, we do not vouch for their authenticity. 

Is North Korea nuclear crisis reaching a showdown? 
Source:Global Times Published: 2017/4/12 0:18:39

A new nuclear test or an intercontinental ballistic missile test, if conducted by Pyongyang at this time, will be a slap in the face of the US government and will intensify the confrontation between North Korea and the US.  
Presumably Beijing will react strongly to Pyongyang's new nuclear actions. China will not remain indifferent to Pyongyang's aggravating violation of the UN Security Council (UNSC) resolution.  
... 
More and more Chinese support the view that the government should enhance sanctions over Pyongyang's nuclear activities. If the North makes another provocative move this month, the Chinese society will be willing to see the UNSC adopt severe restrictive measures that have never been seen before, such as restricting oil imports to the North. Pyongyang's nuclear weapons program is intended for securing the regime, however, it is reaching a tipping point. Pyongyang hopes its gamble will work, but all signs point to the opposite direction.  
... 
Pyongyang should avoid making mistakes at this time.

CONFIRMAÇÃO

Como ontem noticiei: China pronta a invadir a Coreia do Norte, se for necessário...
China tells military to be ready to 'move' to North Korea border
By Elizabeth Shim  Contact the Author   |   April 12, 2017 at 9:27 AM 
April 12 (UPI) -- China has ordered its military to be on nationwide alert, in addition to areas near the North Korea border, as tensions escalate on the peninsula. 
The Information Center for Human Rights and Democracy, a nongovernmental organization in Hong Kong, said Beijing has ordered troops at all five military "regions" to maintain preparedness because of the situation in North Korea, according to Oriental Daily News in Hong Kong. 
According to the NGO, China's armored and mechanized infantry brigades in the provinces of Shandong, Zhejiang and Yunnan received the state mandate. 

Atualização: 12/4/2017 22:35 WET